Conclusion: Actinomyces turicensis may be the pathogen causing certain necrotizing soft-tissue infections. RESULTS: The Actinomyces species identified for this study comprised: Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae, Actinomyces turicensis, Actinomyces funkei, Actinomyces graevenitzii and Actinomyces europaeus.  |  Over a 7-year period, we isolated 294 Actinomyces -like organisms (ALOs) which were not clearly identifiable. Because Actinomyces species are commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal tract, sacral decubitus … HHS Primary cutaneous actinomycosis: a rare soft tissue infection. Among these species Actinomyces turicensis was first reported in 1995 and has been emerging as an important cause of infections . With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, … Keywords: Actinomyces species may form endospores, and, while individual bacteria are rod-shaped, Actinomyces colonies form fungus … L’Actinomycose est une forme rare de l’infection bactérienne. This disease is called lumpy jaw even among cattle and it refers to the animal's large abscesses which grow on its neck and head. Actinomycosis is usually found in the: It can be very serious but can usually be cured with antibiotics. nomyces neuii, and Actinomyces turicensis are emerging as impor-tant causes of such infections. Actinomyces turicensis (A. turicensis) are normal commensals of the oral, gut, vagina, and skin flora. We present a rare case of Actinomyces turicensis bacteremia secondary to a polymicrobial sacral decubitus ulcer infection in an elderly male patient. the following information is not yet verified Taxonomy Family: Actinomycetaceae, Natural habitats Is part of the indigenous microflora of human mucous membranes, may be isolated from human clinical sources without evidence of its pathogenicity. Actinomyces turicensis is an emerging new isolate that can cause human infections [ 5 ]. The majority belonged to the A. turicensis species. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. The traditional treatment is high-dose penicillin for … Infection with these organisms is usually benign, and bacteremia is rare. There are few reported cases of this species causing abdominal and genital infections; however, there is no report of it invading the cervicofacial space. Although actinomycosis is relatively rare, at least in Western populations (8), recently reported observations implicating A. meyeri in brain abscesses (15) and Actinobaculum schaalii (cur- Actinomyces answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin and amoxicillin. La plupart des patients atteints d'actinomycose répondent à l'antibiothérapie, mais la réponse soit habituellement lente du fait de l'étendue de l'induration tissulaire et de la nature relativement avasculaire des lésions. nov. and Actinomyces turicensis sp. Over time, it … IUDs and colonization or infection with Actinomyces Pelvic actinomycosis is an extremely rare disease that can occur in women with a long duration of intrauterine device (IUD) use. traitement antibiotique sans retrait du DIU. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates showed that the Actinomyces spp.  |  Author information: (1)Semmelweis University, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Budapest, Hungary. We present a patient with left-sided neck swelling after a recent oral surgical procedure and was found to grow Actinomyces turicensis on wound culture. Actinomyces definition is - any of a genus (Actinomyces) of filamentous or rod-shaped bacteria that includes usually commensal and sometimes pathogenic forms inhabiting mucosal surfaces especially of the oral cavity of warm-blooded vertebrates. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Actinomyces turicensis Wüst, Stubbs, N. Weiss, Funke & Collins, 1995 References [ edit ] Assignment of Actinomyces pyogenes -like (CDC coryneform group E) bacteria to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces radingae sp. , 1995, 20, 76-81. Diagnosis is by the typical appearance plus laboratory identification. likheten med svampinfek… Actinomycosis is an infectious bacterial disease, frequently observed on the neck and face, that leads to the formation of abscesses and sinus tracts.… Actinomycosis (Actinomyces Infection): Read more about Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Causes and Prognosis. Infection can also be caused by other Actinomyces species, as well as Propionibacterium propionicus, which presents similar symptoms.The condition is likely to be polymicrobial aerobic anaerobic infection. identified, followed by Actinomyces turicensis with 23%. In extreme cases, pelvic abscesses might develop. General information. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Actinomyces turicensis: An unusual cause of cervicofacial actinomycosis presenting as ludwig angina in an immunocompromised host - Case report and literature review, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00636. Actinomyces turicensis. Results: Actinomyces meyeri was predominantly isolated and accounted for 34% of all Actinomyces spp. Would you like email updates of new search results? Seven Isolates of Actinomyces turicensis from Patients with Surgical Infections of the Anogenital Area in a Czech Hospital Eva Chudáčková , Lenka Geigerová , Jaroslav Hrabák , Tamara Bergerová , Václav Liška , Josef Scharfen Indian J Med Microbiol. A. turicensis is a non-pigment producing, aerotolerant member of Actinomyces genus. Traitement prolongé, débuté par voie IV avec pénicilline G: 10 à 20 millions d’unités internationales IV continue 4 à 6 semaines ou Amoxicilline 6 à 12 g IV lente pendant 2 à 6 semaines puis amoxicilline PO 3 à 4 g/24H en 3 administrations pendant plusieurs mois (3 à … SUSPECT: characteristic lesion (hard, chronic inflammatory mass [+/- sinus tracts] passing through tissue planes) and micro (Gram stain ID culture often negative). Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare but proven complication of use of intrauterine devices. A. radingae was found … Actinomyces turicensis. including brain abscess, actinomycoma, subdural empyema and epidural abscess are well described, however reports of Actinomyces-associated meningitis are scarcely reported. The Actinomyces species are Gram positive and commonly filamentous organisms that are facultative anaerobes. Case report and review of the literature.  |  Parent taxon: Actinomyces Harz 1877 (Approved Lists 1980) Assigned by: Hall V, Collins MD, Hutson R, Inganas E, Falsen E, Duerden BI.Actinomyces vaccimaxillae sp. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been described. All but one strain of A. turicensis was susceptible to linezolid. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Here, we describe a case of an otherwise healthy female patient presenting with renal calculi and life-threatening A. turicensis bacteremia. L’infection répond bien au traitement, mais il est généralement nécessaire de prendre un cours d’antibiotiques durant plusieurs mois afin d’assurer toutes les bactéries sont anéantis. Characterization of Actinomyces turicensis and Actinomyces radingae strains from human clinical samples May 1998 International journal of systematic bacteriology 48 Pt 2(2):503-10 radingae, and A. europaeus), we were able to identify 128 strains. Assignment of Actinomyces pyogenes-like (CDC coryneform group E) bacteria to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces radingae sp. nov. Lett Appl Microbiol 1995; 20:76-81. USA.gov. 2008 Apr-Jun;26(2):184-6. doi: 10.4103/0255-0857.40540. Parent taxon: Actinomyces Harz 1877 (Approved Lists 1980) Assigned by: Hall V, Collins MD, Hutson R, Inganas E, Falsen E, Duerden BI.Actinomyces vaccimaxillae sp. Fiche Technique Santé-Sécurité : Agents Pathogènes – Actinomyces spp. These bacteria survive under anaerobic conditions or conditions with minimal oxygen supply and do not normally cause extensive tissue colonization . Epub 2010 Feb 24. the following information is not yet verified Taxonomy Family: Actinomycetaceae, Natural habitats Is part of the indigenous microflora of human mucous membranes, may be isolated from human clinical sources without evidence of its … Cependant, actinomycose est inhabituelle en ce que l’infection est capable de se déplacer lentement mais sûrement à travers le tissu du corps. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Actinomycosis is a granulomatous infection of the cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions. La plupart des infections bactériennes sont confinées dans une partie du corps, parce que les bactéries sont incapables de pénétrer dans les tissus du corps. 2015 Nov;53(11):3391, 3709-10. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02376-13. Background: Necrotizing soft-tissue infections are a devastating infection that is rarely caused by Actinomyces spp. The majority belonged to the A. turicensis species. 30 espèces d’Actinomyces, Actinomyces israelii responsable de la majorité des actinomycoses humaines Bactéries filamenteuses, à gram positif, ramifiées, anaérobies, immobiles, non acido-résistantes. A newly recognized entity is associated with osteonecrosis of the mandible. Introduction. Successful treatment included prompt surgical intervention and initiation of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs. Actinomycosis is a rare, infectious disease in which bacteria spread from one part of the body to another through body tissues. About 70% of infections are due to either Actinomyces israelii or A. gerencseriae. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been described. of Actinomyces species are being increasingly associated with in-fectionsatmanybodysites(11,13,14).Actinomycesmeyeri,Acti-nomyces neuii, and Actinomyces turicensis are emerging as impor-tant causes of such infections. NIH actinomyces israelii is a commensal of the female genital tract. Common risk factors predisposing patients to this life-threatening infection are recent dental procedures, immunosuppression from malignancy, or history of smoking and alcohol use. Of the myriad species of Actinomyces identified, the most common pathogens include A. israelii, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, A. turicensis, and A. radingae. Creatures » Cellular Organisms » Bacteria » Terrabacteria » Actinobacteria » Actinobacteria » Actinomycetales » Actinomycineae » Actinomycetaceae » Actinomyces « Actinomyces turicensis … All but one strain of A. turicensis was susceptible to linezolid. Clinicians should consider the possibility that this organism represents a true pathogen and not colonization/contamination. Actinomyces species are pathogenic locally in the oral cavity or through direct extension into fascial planes as abscesses. nov. and Actinomyces turicensis sp. Appropriate therapy includes maintenance of the airway, intravenous antibiotics, and surgical intervention if indicated [ 4 ]. J Clin Microbiol. Actinomycosis is a rare chronic disease caused by Actinomyces spp., anaerobic filamentous Gram-positive bacteria that normally colonize the human mouth and digestive and genital tracts 1).Typical actinomycosis in humans is a chronic disease caused by Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicus (previously … Kocsis B(1), Tiszlavicz Z(2), Jakab G(2), Brassay R(3), Orbán M(3), Sárkány Á(3), Szabó D(4). Seven isolates of Actinomyces turicensis from pa-Annals of. nov. and Actinomyces turicensis … Early effective antimicrobial therapy may obviate the need for surgery or facilitate a more conservative surgical approach. Actinomyces turicensis was first reported in 1995 [3]andhas been emerging as an important cause of infections [ 4]. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. nov. Lett Appl Microbiol 1995; 20:76-81. kocsis.bela@med.semmelweis-univ.hu. Findings are a local abscess with multiple draining sinuses, a tuberculosis-like pneumonitis, and low-grade systemic symptoms. Parent taxon: Actinomyces Harz 1877 (Approved Lists 1980) Assigned by: Wust J, Stubbs S, Weiss N, Funke G, Collins MD. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Actinomyces turicensis is an isolate that has emerged recently to cause infections in humans. Actinomycosis is a rare type of bacterial infection. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Actinomycosis is a disease of the Neck, Tongue, Mouth, Chest, Abdomen and the Pelvic. Fiche Technique Santé-Sécurité : Agents Pathogènes – Actinomyces spp. A PubMed search revealed only 9 previously reported cases of bacteremia due to A. turicensis, mostly in female patients. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. Epub 2017 Apr 11. Coloproctolo gy. diabetes mellitus; necrotizing soft tissue infection. Its symptomatology imitates some malignant pelvic tumours, tuberculosis, or nocardiosis, causing abscesses and fistulas. 2775 CASE REPORT Actinomyces turicensis Bacteremia Secondary to Pyometra Hideharu Hagiya 1, Hiroko Ogawa , Yusuke Takahashi1, Kosuke Kimura1, Kan Hasegawa 2 and Fumio Otsuka1 Abstract We herein present a rare case of Actinomyces turicensis bacteremia that was caused by pyometra. Actinomycosis is treated with antibiotics. Results: The Actinomyces species identified for this study comprised: Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae, Actinomyces turicensis, Actinomyces funkei, Actinomyces graevenitzii and Actinomyces europaeus. Therefore, prompt initiation of intravenous antibiotics is required for the treatment and prevention of deadly complications. The majority belonged to the A. turicensis species. Lanes 1 … Case report of Actinomyces turicensis meningitis as a complication of purulent mastoiditis. Actinomycosis could occur in both humans and other animals (a common example are cattle). Treatment of pelvic actinomycosis associated with intrauterine devices involves removal of the device and antibiotic treatment. It is caused by non-spore-forming species of the genus Actinomyces. General information. Using well-defined probes coding for sequences specific for recently described Actinomyces species ( A. turicensis , A. radingae , and A. europaeus ), we were able to identify 128 strains. 2775 CASE REPORT Actinomyces turicensis Bacteremia Secondary to Pyometra Hideharu Hagiya 1, Hiroko Ogawa , Yusuke Takahashi1, Kosuke Kimura1, Kan Hasegawa 2 and Fumio Otsuka1 Abstract We herein present a rare case of Actinomyces turicensis bacteremia that was caused by pyometra. Actinomyces meyeri infection: case report and review of the literature. De är icke syrafasta och bildar ej endosporer eller konidier (Actinomyces betyder strålsvamp p.g.a. Recent studies on actinomycosis have shown that Actinomyces play an important role in various biological and clinical processes, such as the formation of … Findings are a local abscess with multiple draining sinuses, a tuberculosis-like pneumonitis, and low-grade systemic symptoms. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! A. turicensis is most often related to genital, skin, and urinary tract infections. Successful treatment included prompt surgical intervention and initiation of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs. Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. www.coloproctol.or g 245. nov., from the jaw of a cow.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:603-606. www.coloproctol.or g 245. Of the myriad species of Actinomyces identified, the most common pathogens include A. israelii, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, A. turicensis, and A. radingae. Infection with these organisms is usually benign, and bacteremia is rare. The Actinomyces species are commensals and normal … Actinomycosis is a chronic disease characterized by abscess formation, tissue fibrosis and draining sinuses. Diagnosis is by the typical appearance plus laboratory identification. 101. Its biochemical characteristics include negative reactions for the production of catalase, urease, NLM The patient was treated with intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam, which not only decreased the swelling but improved the necrotic appearance of his abscess wound. A species of anaerobic, Gram variable, rod shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria. Parent taxon: Actinomyces Harz 1877 (Approved Lists 1980) Assigned by: Wust J, Stubbs S, Weiss N, Funke G, Collins MD. 2012 Oct;65(4):357-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.02.016. J Clin Microbiol. Wüst J, Stubbs S, Weiss N, Funke G, Collins MD. nov. Lett Appl Microbiol 1995;20:76-81. Seven Isolates of Actinomyces turicensis from Patients with Surgical Infections of the Anogenital Area in a Czech Hospital Eva Chudáčková , Lenka Geigerová , Jaroslav Hrabák , … The patient developed systemic signs of infections and right medial thigh pain subsequently diagnosed as a necrotizing soft-tissue infection. The Actinomyces species are commensals and normal inhabitants of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract and female genital tract. Actinomyces species are pathogenic locally in the oral cavity or through direct extension into fascial planes as abscesses. Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by Actinomyces spp. Over a 7-year period, we isolated 294 Actinomyces -like organisms (ALOs) which were not clearly identifiable. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web. Actinomyces species are facultatively anaerobic (except A. meyeri and A. israelii both obligate anaerobe), and they grow best under anaerobic conditions. Introduction . Septic shock due to NSTI caused by Actinomyces Turicensis: the role of clinical pharmacology. Assignment of Actinomyces pyogenes-like (CDC coryneform group E) bacteria to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces radingae sp. The oligonucleotides used were the Actinomyces turicensis-specific (upper row) and the Actinomyces radingae-specific (lower row) probes derived from the 165 rRNA sequences. Actinomyces turicensis (A. turicensis) are normal commensals of the oral, gut, vagina, and skin flora. The pa-tient was successfully treated with transvaginal drainage and antibiotic therapy. Clinicians should consider the possibility that this organism represents a true pathogen and not colonization/contamination. The patient did not have any risk factors for A. turicensis bacteremia. 2010 Apr;48(4):1508-9. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02139-09. Coloproctolo gy. The Actinomyces genus encompasses many bacterial species; the ones most frequently responsible for infection, however, are A. israeli, A. gerencseriae and A. turicensis [4]. Author information: (1)Semmelweis University, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Budapest, Hungary. Actinomycosis is a long-term infection that causes sores, or abscesses, in the body’s soft tissues. Yew WW, Wong PC, Wong CF, Chau CH. Case Report: A 45-year-old obese previously healthy male presented to the emergency department with diabetic ketoacidosis. This bacteria is catalase negative, does not reduce nitrate and does not hydrolyze esculin, urea or gelatin. The bacterial infection that causes red hard lumps on the Neck, Mouth, Chest, Abdomen and the Pelvic is Actinomycosis. A. turicensis is a non-pigment producing, aerotolerant member of Actinomyces genus. Appl. L’actinomycose, en particulier pelvienne, infection rare mais sérieuse, reste la préoccupation essentielle du gynécologue chez une femme porteuse de DIU ayant des frottis positifs pour actinomyces. Gatti M, Gasparini LE, Grimaldi CM, Abbati D, Clemente S, Brioschi PR, Fumagalli R, Scaglione F. J Chemother. Actinomycosis is a rare infectious bacterial disease caused by Actinomyces species. Treatment starts off in hospital with antibiotics given directly into a vein (intravenously). Gómez-Garcés JL, Burillo A, Gil Y, Sáez-Nieto JA. Actinomycosis. Find out about actinomycosis, which is a rare type of bacterial infection. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin and amoxicillin. The patient did not have any risk factors for A. turicensis bacteremia. Although actinomycosis is relatively rare, at least in Western populations (8), recently reported observations implicating A. Pénicilline à forte dose. 2017 Dec;29(6):372-375. doi: 10.1080/1120009X.2017.1306154. Although the prognosis of actinomycosis is good, the diagnosis of actinomycosis is quite difficult. Read about the possible causes of actinomycosis, how it's treated and when to get medical help. Conclusion: Actinomyces turicensis may be the pathogen causing certain necrotizing soft-tissue infections. Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces , Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. Actinomyces is an anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus that is known to cause chronic granulomatous infections. Ann Coloproctol 2015;3 1(6):243-245. Flera av dessa har inte isolerats från människa. A. turicensis is most often related … A species of anaerobic, Gram variable, rod shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria. Kocsis B(1), Tiszlavicz Z(2), Jakab G(2), Brassay R(3), Orbán M(3), Sárkány Á(3), Szabó D(4). Soft tissue infections caused by Actinomyces neuii, a rare pathogen. This type of abscess is usually unsuspected and, thus, diagnosed and treated surgically; however, long-duration treatment with penicillin can be completely effective. Ann Coloproctol 2015;3 1(6):243-245. Ludwig's angina is diffuse cellulitis and edema of the soft tissues of the neck and floor of the mouth. ABSTRACT Over a 7-year period, we isolated 294 Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs) which were not clearly identifiable. Dans certains cas, la chirurgie mineure peut être tenu de réparer le tissu endommagé et pour drainer le pus sur les abcès. nov. Lett. Actinomyces is a genus of the Actinobacteria class of bacteria.They all are gram-positive. A PubMed search revealed only 9 previously reported cases of bacteremia due to A. turicensis, mostly in female patients. Case report of Actinomyces turicensis meningitis as a complication of purulent mastoiditis. Microbiol. nov., from the jaw of a cow.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:603-606. Assignment of Actinomyces pyogenes-like (CDC coryneform group E) bacteria to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces radingae sp. nov. and Actinomyces turicensis sp. Fazili T, Blair D, Riddell S, Kiska D, Nagra S. J Infect. Actinomycosis is a chronic localized or hematogenous anaerobic infection caused by Actinomyces israelii and other species of Actinomyces. kocsis.bela@med.semmelweis-univ.hu. Saprophytes de la cavité buccale, de l’oropharynx, … Here, we describe a case of an otherwise healthy female patient presenting with renal calculi and life-threatening A. turicensis bacteremia. Using well-defined probes coding for sequences specific for recently described Actinomyces species (A. turicensis,A. It is caused by non-spore-forming species of the genus Actinomyces.The Actinomyces species are Gram positive and commonly filamentous organisms that are facultative anaerobes. A turicensis, and A radingae.3 4 Orocervicofacial actinomycosis is the most common form of the disease and comprises about 50% of all reported cases.5 It usually follows dental manipulation or trauma to the mouth, although it can arise spontaneously in patients with poor dental hygiene.w4 Common presenting features Actinomyces are nonmotile, filamentous, Gram-positive bacteria that cause actinomycosis in immunodeficiency patients. Actinomycosis is a chronic disease characterized by abscess formation, tissue fibrosis and draining sinuses. A feared complication of Ludwig’s angina and cervicofacial actinomyces is airway compromise. The pa-tient was successfully treated with transvaginal drainage and … Actinomycoses are opportunistic infections and require normal mucous barriers to be altered. nov. and Actinomyces turicensis sp. Disease is "actinomycosis" caused by one of six Actinomyces agents, most commonly A. israelii. Volume 31, Number 6, 20 15. Volume 31, Number 6, 20 15. Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. Photo Quiz: Thigh Abscess in a Morbidly Obese Diabetic Patient. Treatment for actinomycosis. Actinomyces turicensis Wüst, Stubbs, N. Weiss, Funke & Collins, 1995 References [ edit ] Assignment of Actinomyces pyogenes -like (CDC coryneform group E) bacteria to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces radingae sp. Actinomyces, commonly found in the normal flora of the oral cavity, is one of the pathogens that can cause Ludwig’s angina. Seven isolates of Actinomyces turicensis from pa-Annals of. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about … Genus Actinomyces tillhör gruppen anaeroba/fakultativt anaeroba icke sporbildande grampositiva stavar och omfattar ett tjugotal species. Using well-defined probes coding for sequences specific for recently described Actinomyces species ( A. turicensis , A. radingae , and A. europaeus ), we were able to identify 128 strains. The indications for surgery for patients with actinomycosis must be individualized on the basis of the nature and extent of disease, the presence of complications, and the patient's clinical re… What is actinomyces infection. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Four clinical forms of actinomycosis, i.e. Traitement. We present a rare case of Actinomyces turicensis bacteremia secondary to a polymicrobial sacral decubitus ulcer infection in an elderly male patient. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. Cervicofacial actinomyces is an invasive infection that can form life-threatening abscesses through its rapid spread. This bacteria is catalase negative, does not reduce nitrate and does not hydrolyze esculin, urea or gelatin. Epub 2012 Mar 6. Actinomycosis is a chronic localized or hematogenous anaerobic infection caused by Actinomyces israelii and other species of Actinomyces. Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs) have been identified in women with and without IUC - although it is acknowledged that the level is thought to be low and that actinomycosis is rare; role of ALOs in infection in women using IUC is unclear; Reference: Actinomyces neuii is considered to be a rare Actinomyces sp., but accounted for 8% of isolates.